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INTENDED FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

Different Types of UV Exposure: Understanding the Sun’s Effects on Our Skin

Person resting in shade outdoorsUltraviolet radiation is invisible energy from the sun. UVA, UVB and UVC differ in wavelength and in how much reaches the Earth’s surface. Understanding those terms helps explain why skin protection depends on conditions, not on how warm the day feels.

UVA

UVA reaches the ground and can contribute to skin ageing and damage. It is present even when a day feels cool or cloudy. Glass and shade change exposure, but neither the temperature nor a tan is a complete measure of UV risk.

UVB

UVB also reaches the ground and is strongly associated with sunburn. Its intensity varies by location, season and time of day. Both UVA and UVB can contribute to skin damage and cancer risk; the World Health Organization’s UV fact sheet provides the broader context.

UVC

Solar UVC is absorbed by the atmosphere and does not normally reach the ground. Artificial UV sources are a separate concern and should not be confused with ordinary sunlight. UV-emitting sunbeds also have documented risks, as described by Cancer Research UK.

Practical protection

Check the UV index and use shade, clothing and appropriate sunscreen when the sun is strong. The NHS sun safety guide explains how to combine these measures. A change in skin colour does not show that UV exposure is harmless.